The Rule of Odds in composition suggests that an odd number of subjects or elements in an image is more visually appealing and harmonious than an even number. They call it a rule - and many abide by it religiously.
Using odd-numbered elements in a group can create balance and draw the viewer's attention to the center of the composition (among other things). That can be true, especially when that number is three (not as true for one or five) since groups of three make a power shape - a triangle. A triangle is much more dynamic than a rectangle or square because of the diagonal lines. You can’t make a triangle without diagonals.
And diagonal lines are important.
The image above - because of the use of three and the virtual triangle - has balance and movement, two critical compositional elements.
However, this “rule” isn't universally valid because composition is inherently subjective and varies depending on the context, subject matter, and intent of the artist. There are many instances where even-numbered or asymmetric compositions are equally, if not more, impactful.
Case in point - The Power of Two
In the example above, the two primary subjects are arranged asymmetrically (far left); the visual weight of the image is distributed in the corners (middle); and a virtual diagonal is created as a result of visual tension, as your eyes dart back and forth from corner to corner (far right). So, balance and movement have been achieved with two subjects just as they were with the three.
Adhering strictly to the Rule of Odds can be severely limiting and might prevent a photographer or artist from exploring a broader range of aesthetic possibilities - like the Power of Two.
This is just one example. There are many others where one or three or five don’t work while two and four do.
In conclusion, the Rule of Odds is hardly a rule. It’s hardly even useful.
How odd.
New Podcast Episode with Shark Week’s Dr. Austin Gallagher
Dr. Austin Gallagher is an American marine biologist, researcher, explorer, author and entrepreneur. He’s best known for his extensive research on sharks and hosting and producing content for the Discovery Channel’s Shark Week programming. His shark research has taken him all across the globe on more than 50 scientific expeditions and he’s published more than 100 scientific papers.
Austin founded “Beneath the Waves,” a non-profit organization focused on ocean conservation. He currently serves as its CEO.
Austin is a National Geographic Explorer, a current fellow at the Explorers Club, and was the first American marine biologist to make the Forbes 30 Under 30 List at the age of 29.
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Here’s to Truth, Adventure, and Passion -